模块是包含Python定义和语句的文件。一个模块可以定义函数, 类和变量。模块也可以包含可运行的代码。将相关代码分组到一个模块中可以使代码更易于理解和使用。
例子:
# A simple module, calc.py
def add(x, y):
return (x + y)
def subtract(x, y):
return (x - y)
import语句:通过在其他一些Python源文件中执行import语句, 我们可以将任何Python源文件用作模块。
当解释器遇到导入语句时, 如果模块在搜索路径中存在, 它将导入模块。搜索路径是解释器搜索以导入模块的目录列表。例如, 要导入模块calc.py, 我们需要在脚本顶部放置以下命令:
# importing module calc.py
import calc
print add( 10 , 2 )
输出如下:
12
from…import语句
Python的从语句使你可以从模块中导入特定属性from..import..具有以下语法:
# importing sqrt() and factorial from the
# module math
from math import sqrt, factorial
# if we simply do "import math", then
# math.sqrt(16) and math.factorial()
# are required.
print sqrt( 16 )
print factorial( 6 )
输出如下:
4.0
720
dir()函数
内置的dir()函数返回包含模块定义名称的字符串排序列表。该列表包含模块中定义的所有模块, 变量和功能的名称。
# Import built-in module random
import random
print dir (random)
输出如下:
['BPF', 'LOG4', 'NV_MAGICCONST', 'RECIP_BPF', 'Random', 'SG_MAGICCONST', 'SystemRandom', 'TWOPI', 'WichmannHill', '_BuiltinMethodType', '_MethodType', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_acos', '_ceil', '_cos', '_e', '_exp', '_hashlib', '_hexlify', '_inst', '_log', '_pi', '_random', '_sin', '_sqrt', '_test', '_test_generator', '_urandom', '_warn', 'betavariate', 'choice', 'division', 'expovariate', 'gammavariate', 'gauss', 'getrandbits', 'getstate', 'jumpahead', 'lognormvariate', 'normalvariate', 'paretovariate', 'randint', 'random', 'randrange', 'sample', 'seed', 'setstate', 'shuffle', 'triangular', 'uniform', 'vonmisesvariate', 'weibullvariate']
说明python内置模块的代码段:
# importing built-in module math
import math
# using square root(sqrt) function contained
# in math module
print math.sqrt( 25 )
# using pi function contained in math module
print math.pi
# 2 radians = 114.59 degreees
print math.degrees( 2 )
# 60 degrees = 1.04 radians
print math.radians( 60 )
# Sine of 2 radians
print math.sin( 2 )
# Cosine of 0.5 radians
print math.cos( 0.5 )
# Tangent of 0.23 radians
print math.tan( 0.23 )
# 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 = 24
print math.factorial( 4 )
# importing built in module random
import random
# printing random integer between 0 and 5
print random.randint( 0 , 5 )
# print random floating point number between 0 and 1
print random.random()
# random number between 0 and 100
print random.random() * 100
List = [ 1 , 4 , True , 800 , "python" , 27 , "hello" ]
# using choice function in random module for choosing
# a random element from a set such as a list
print random.choice( List )
# importing built in module datetime
import datetime
from datetime import date
import time
# Returns the number of seconds since the
# Unix Epoch, January 1st 1970
print time.time()
# Converts a number of seconds to a date object
print date.fromtimestamp( 454554 )
输出如下:
5.0
3.14159265359
114.591559026
1.0471975512
0.909297426826
0.87758256189
0.234143362351
24
3
0.401533172951
88.4917616788
True
1461425771.87
1970-01-06
首先, 你的面试准备可通过以下方式增强你的数据结构概念:Python DS课程。
来源:
https://www.srcmini02.com/69831.html